View source for APPLE INC. patent applications published on December 14th, 2023

==Patent applications for APPLE INC. on December 14th, 2023==

===Vibration Absorber ([[18198033. Vibration Absorber simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18198033]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Jacob L. Dawson


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes a tuned mass damper that consists of a damper mass with three connected portions. The damper mass is designed to separate within the third portion when a force is applied, allowing relative motion between the first and second portions. The damper mass may also have features that promote rotation when impacted.

* A tuned mass damper with a U-shaped configuration of the damper mass.
* The damper mass separates within the third portion to enable relative motion between the first and second portions.
* Geometric features in the damper mass promote rotation when impacted.

== Potential Applications ==
* Structural engineering: The tuned mass damper can be used to reduce vibrations in tall buildings, bridges, and other structures.
* Aerospace industry: The technology can be applied to reduce vibrations in aircraft, improving passenger comfort and safety.
* Automotive industry: The tuned mass damper can be used to minimize vibrations in vehicles, enhancing ride quality.

== Problems Solved ==
* Vibration reduction: The tuned mass damper addresses the problem of excessive vibrations in structures and vehicles, which can lead to discomfort, damage, or safety hazards.
* Impact resistance: The geometric features in the damper mass help absorb and dissipate impact forces, protecting the structure or vehicle from damage.

== Benefits ==
* Improved stability: The tuned mass damper enhances the stability of structures and vehicles by reducing vibrations.
* Increased comfort: By minimizing vibrations, the technology provides a smoother and more comfortable experience for occupants.
* Enhanced safety: The tuned mass damper helps prevent structural damage and potential accidents caused by excessive vibrations.

'''Abstract'''
 A tuned mass damper includes a damper mass having a first mass portion and a second mass portion connected by a third mass portion. The first mass portion, the second mass portion, and the third mass portion form a U-shaped configuration of the damper mass. The damper mass is configured to separate within the third mass portion in response to a force transferred to the damper mass of the tuned mass damper to allow relative motion between the first mass portion and the second mass portion. The damper mass may include geometric features that promote rotation of the tuned mass damper relative to an axis, when subjected to impact loads.

===FLOW CIRCUITRY AND VALVING FOR REVERSIBLE HVAC HEAT EXCHANGE CONFIGURATIONS ([[17806016. FLOW CIRCUITRY AND VALVING FOR REVERSIBLE HVAC HEAT EXCHANGE CONFIGURATIONS simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17806016]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Scott Stephen Wujek


'''Brief explanation'''
 ==Abstract==
The abstract describes an HVAC system that includes a multiport valve for controlling refrigerant circulation. This valve allows refrigerant to flow in different directions through interior and auxiliary heat exchangers, providing various configurations for efficient cooling or heating.

==Patent/Innovation Explanation==
* The HVAC system includes a multiport valve for controlling refrigerant circulation.
* The valve allows refrigerant to flow in a first direction through an interior heat exchanger and in a first direction through an auxiliary heat exchanger.
* There is at least one additional configuration where refrigerant flows in a second direction through either the interior heat exchanger or the auxiliary heat exchanger.
* The second configuration allows refrigerant to flow in the first direction through the interior heat exchanger and in the second direction through the auxiliary heat exchanger.
* The third configuration allows refrigerant to flow in the second direction through both the interior heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat exchanger.

==Potential Applications==
* HVAC systems in residential buildings
* HVAC systems in commercial buildings
* Industrial cooling and heating systems

==Problems Solved==
* Provides flexibility in refrigerant circulation for efficient cooling or heating
* Allows for different configurations based on specific cooling or heating requirements
* Enhances the overall performance and energy efficiency of HVAC systems

==Benefits==
* Improved energy efficiency
* Enhanced cooling and heating capabilities
* Increased flexibility in HVAC system design and operation
* Potential cost savings in energy consumption

'''Abstract'''
 An HVAC system can include a multiport valve for controlling refrigerant circulation that permits refrigerant flow in a first direction through an interior heat exchanger and in a first direction through an auxiliary heat exchanger and at least one additional configuration in which refrigerant flows in a second direction through at least one of the interior heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat exchanger. The at least one configuration can include a second configuration in which refrigerant flows in the first direction through the interior heat exchanger and in the second direction through the auxiliary heat exchanger and a third configuration in which refrigerant flows in the second direction through the interior heat exchanger and the auxiliary heat exchanger.

===SYSTEM AND TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING IN-ROOM PERSON DETECTION ([[18140517. SYSTEM AND TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING IN-ROOM PERSON DETECTION simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18140517]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Barak Baum


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes a technique for determining the presence of a person in a room using an electronic device that transmits an electromagnetic wireless signal. Here is a simplified explanation of the abstract:

* An electronic device sends out an electromagnetic wireless signal using a first sensor.
* The device receives an electromagnetic return signal from the transmitted signal.
* Based on the return signal, the device detects a potential target (person) in the room.
* A second sensor is used to confirm that the potential target is indeed in the room.
* If the target is confirmed, the device saves a training signature of the return signal for future use.
* This process can be repeated to obtain a set of training signatures for different potential targets.
* The device then uses machine learning to train a model using the set of training signatures.
* The trained model can detect when a target is in the room using the first sensor.

== Potential Applications ==
This technology has potential applications in various fields, including:

* Home security systems: The technique can be used to detect the presence of intruders in a room.
* Occupancy detection: It can be used to determine if a room is occupied or vacant, useful for energy-saving purposes.
* Elderly care: The technique can be employed to monitor the presence and movement of elderly individuals in their homes.
* Retail analytics: It can be used to track customer movement and behavior within a store for marketing and operational purposes.

== Problems Solved ==
The technique addresses the following problems:

* Non-intrusive presence detection: It allows for the detection of a person's presence without the need for physical contact or invasive methods.
* Accurate target identification: By using multiple sensors and machine learning, the technique aims to accurately identify and confirm the presence of a person in a room.
* Training efficiency: The process of saving training signatures and using machine learning helps improve the accuracy and efficiency of target detection.

== Benefits ==
The use of this technique offers several benefits, including:

* Enhanced security: It provides a reliable method for detecting the presence of potential intruders in a room.
* Energy efficiency: By accurately determining occupancy, it enables energy-saving measures such as automatic lighting and HVAC control.
* Improved care and monitoring: The technique can assist in monitoring the movement and presence of individuals, particularly in healthcare and elderly care settings.
* Data-driven insights: By analyzing the collected data, valuable insights can be gained for various applications, such as retail analytics and space utilization optimization.

'''Abstract'''
 A technique for determining a presence of a person in a room may include an electronic device transmitting an electromagnetic wireless signal of a first sensor. The technique may include receiving an electromagnetic return signal from the electromagnetic wireless signal. The technique may include detecting a potential target in the room based on the electromagnetic return signal. The technique may include determining that the potential target is in the room using a second sensor. Responsive to determining the potential target is in the room, the technique may include saving a training signature of the electromagnetic return signal for training a machine learning model. This technique can be repeated to obtain a set of training signatures corresponding to potential targets. The technique may include training, using the set of training signatures, the machine learning model to detect when a target is in the room using the first sensor.

===Coherent sensing system using a DOE ([[17838217. Coherent sensing system using a DOE simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17838217]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Noam Cohen


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a range sensing apparatus that uses coherent optical radiation to measure distances. Here are the key points:

* The apparatus includes a radiation source that emits a beam of coherent optical radiation.
* An array of optical detectors is used to capture the optical radiation reflected from a target.
* A beamsplitter directs the beam towards the target and also reflects the optical radiation from the target towards the array of optical detectors.
* A diffractive optical element (DOE) is used to split the beam into multiple orders, including a zero order, which propagate towards the target at different angles.
* A reflector intercepts and reflects at least a part of the zero order back towards the beamsplitter, generating a local beam.
* Objective optics are used to image the target onto the array of optical detectors while spreading the local beam across the array.
* Processing circuitry extracts a beat signal from the electrical signals output by the optical detectors, which results from the interference between the optical radiation reflected from the target and the local beam.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Range sensing and distance measurement in various fields such as robotics, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation.
* 3D scanning and mapping for applications like virtual reality, augmented reality, and computer vision.
* Object detection and tracking for security systems, surveillance, and gesture recognition.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Provides a non-contact method for accurately measuring distances.
* Enables range sensing over long distances with high precision.
* Allows for real-time measurements and fast data processing.

Benefits of this technology:

* High accuracy and precision in distance measurements.
* Non-contact measurement eliminates the need for physical contact with the target.
* Fast and real-time measurements enable quick decision-making and response.
* Versatile applications in various industries and fields.

'''Abstract'''
 Range sensing apparatus includes a radiation source, which emits a beam of coherent optical radiation, and an array of optical detectors. A beamsplitter directs the beam toward a target while directing the optical radiation reflected from the target toward the array of optical detectors. A DOE diffracts the beam into multiple orders, including a zero order, propagating toward the target at different, respective angles. A reflector intercepts and reflects at least a part of the zero order toward the beamsplitter, thereby generating a local beam, which is reflected by the beamsplitter toward the array of optical detectors. Objective optics image the target onto the array of optical detectors while spreading the local beam across the array. Processing circuitry extracts a beat signal from electrical signals output by the optical detectors in response to an optical interference between the optical radiation reflected from the target and the local beam.

===OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR TELEPHOTO CAMERAS ([[18448853. OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR TELEPHOTO CAMERAS simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18448853]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Takeyoshi Saiga


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes an optical system for a camera that includes a lens group, a prism, and an image sensor. The prism is positioned between the lenses and the image sensor to guide the light.

* The prism has at least four surfaces that fold the light within the prism at least four times.
* Multiple prisms are joined together using an optical cement.
* The prism may have aperture masks inside to reduce flare.

==Potential Applications==
This technology can be used in various camera systems, including digital cameras, smartphones, and professional cameras.

==Problems Solved==
1. The prism helps to guide the light from the lenses to the image sensor, ensuring accurate and clear image capture.
2. The aperture masks inside the prism reduce flare, improving image quality by minimizing unwanted light reflections.

==Benefits==
1. Improved image quality: The optical system enhances the clarity and accuracy of captured images.
2. Reduced flare: The inclusion of aperture masks helps to minimize unwanted light reflections, resulting in better image quality.
3. Versatile application: The technology can be implemented in various camera systems, making it suitable for a wide range of photography and videography needs.

'''Abstract'''
 An optical system for a camera may include a lens group having a plurality of lenses, a prism, and an image sensor. The prism may be positioned, optically, between the plurality of lenses and the image sensor along the optical transmitting path of the light. The prism may include at least four surfaces, which may fold the light within the prism at least four times to guide the light from the plurality of lenses passing through the prism to the image sensor. The prism may include multiple prisms joined together using an optical cement. The prism may include one or more aperture masks inside the prism to reduce flare.

===Sensor For Head-Mounted Display ([[18239378. Sensor For Head-Mounted Display simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18239378]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Jason C. Sauers


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes a head-mounted display that includes a housing, a support member, a sensor, and a compressible material. 

* The head-mounted display has a housing and a support member connected to it.
* A sensor is located on the front surface of the support member.
* The sensor is designed to measure a characteristic of the user.
* A compressible material is placed against the front surface of the support member.

Potential Applications:

* Virtual reality gaming and entertainment
* Augmented reality applications
* Training and simulation programs
* Medical and healthcare applications
* Industrial and engineering applications

Problems Solved:

* Provides a comfortable and secure fit for the head-mounted display
* Allows for accurate measurement of user characteristics
* Reduces discomfort and pressure on the user's face

Benefits:

* Enhanced user experience and immersion
* Improved accuracy and precision in measuring user characteristics
* Increased comfort and reduced fatigue during extended use
* Customizable fit for different users

'''Abstract'''
 A head-mounted display includes a housing. A support member is connected to the housing. A sensor is located on a front surface of the support member and is configured to measure a characteristic of a user. A compressible material is configured to be compressed against the front surface of the support member.

===Head-Mounted Device With Adjustment Mechanism ([[18239421. Head-Mounted Device With Adjustment Mechanism simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18239421]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Anna V. Mirabella


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes a head-mounted device that consists of two parts, a first device portion and a second device portion. These two parts can be connected or disconnected using coupler portions. When the device is connected, an adjuster portion in the second device portion moves optical modules in response to the movement of the device.

* The head-mounted device has two parts that can be connected or disconnected.
* The first device portion is connected to the second device portion using coupler portions.
* When the device is connected, an adjuster portion in the second device portion moves optical modules.
* The movement of the optical modules is triggered by the movement of the device from the disconnected position to the connected position.

== Potential Applications ==
* Virtual reality headsets
* Augmented reality devices
* Gaming accessories
* Medical devices for visualization or imaging

== Problems Solved ==
* Simplifies the process of connecting and disconnecting the head-mounted device
* Allows for easy adjustment of the optical modules based on the device's position
* Provides a more comfortable and customizable user experience

== Benefits ==
* Improved user convenience and comfort
* Enhanced visual experience with precise optical module adjustment
* Versatile application in various industries and fields

'''Abstract'''
 A head-mounted device includes a first device portion and a second device portion. A first coupler portion of the first device portion is connectable to a second coupler portion of the second device portion to define a connected position in which the first device portion is connected to the second device portion and a disconnected position in which the first device portion is disconnected from the second device portion. A second adjuster portion of the second device portion causes a first adjuster portion of the first device portion to move a first optical module and a second optical module in response to movement of the first device portion and the second device portion from the disconnected position to the connected position.

===ROTATION SENSOR FOR A CROWN OF AN ELECTRONIC WATCH ([[17840222. ROTATION SENSOR FOR A CROWN OF AN ELECTRONIC WATCH simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17840222]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Richard A. Davis


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes an electronic watch that includes a housing and a crown with a knob. The crown is designed to receive rotational input and is connected to a rotor that can rotate in response to the input. The rotor has a recess with a coating that reflects light. The watch also has an optical sensing system that can detect the rotational input by analyzing the reflected light.

* The electronic watch has a housing and a crown with a knob.
* The crown is connected to a rotor that can rotate.
* The rotor has a recess with a coating that reflects light.
* An optical sensing system is used to detect the rotational input by analyzing the reflected light.

== Potential Applications ==
* This technology can be used in various electronic watches to provide a more precise and reliable way of detecting rotational input.
* It can be applied in smartwatches, fitness trackers, and other wearable devices that require rotational input for navigation or control.

== Problems Solved ==
* Traditional methods of detecting rotational input in electronic watches may be less accurate or prone to wear and tear.
* This technology solves the problem of accurately detecting rotational input by utilizing an optical sensing system and a reflective coating.

== Benefits ==
* The use of an optical sensing system provides a more accurate and reliable way of detecting rotational input.
* The reflective coating enhances the efficiency of the optical sensing system by reflecting a portion of the incident light.
* This technology improves the overall functionality and user experience of electronic watches by providing a more precise and durable method of detecting rotational input.

'''Abstract'''
 An electronic watch may include a housing and a crown configured to receive a rotational input. The crown may include a knob external to the housing, a rotor coupled to the knob and configured to rotate in response to the rotational input, the rotor defining a recess extending about a circumference of the rotor, and a coating positioned in the recess and configured to reflect at least a portion of light incident on the coating. The electronic watch may further include an optical sensing system configured to detect the rotational input using the reflected portion of the light.

===Scalable Low Dropout Regulator ([[17806908. Scalable Low Dropout Regulator simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17806908]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Michael P. Wigley


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a regulator circuit for a computer system that adjusts the conductance values between an input power supply node and a regulated power supply node. This is done by using a control circuit and multiple pass circuits. The number of pass circuits can be adjusted based on a threshold load current or a threshold conductance.

* The regulator circuit includes a control circuit and multiple pass circuits.
* The pass circuits adjust the conductance values between the input power supply node and the regulated power supply node.
* The number of pass circuits can be adjusted based on a threshold load current or a threshold conductance.
* The control circuit uses sense currents, a reference voltage, and the voltage level of the regulated power supply node to adjust the conductance values.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Computer systems
* Electronic devices
* Power supply systems

Problems solved by this technology:

* Efficiently regulating power supply in computer systems and electronic devices
* Adjusting conductance values based on load current or conductance thresholds

Benefits of this technology:

* Improved power regulation in computer systems and electronic devices
* Flexibility to adjust the number of pass circuits based on specific requirements
* Efficient use of power supply resources

'''Abstract'''
 A regulator circuit included in a computer system may include a control circuit and multiple pass circuits that source respective supply currents to a regulated power supply node by adjusting respective conductance values between an input power supply node and the regulated power supply node. The number of pass circuits can be adjusted on a design-by-design basis based on a threshold load current for the regulator circuit or on a threshold conductance between the input power supply node and the regulated power supply node. The control circuit adjusts the respective conductance values using a combination of respective sense currents generated by the multiple pass circuits along with a reference voltage and a voltage level of the regulated power supply node.

===ELECTRONIC DEVICE DISPLAY ([[18455600. ELECTRONIC DEVICE DISPLAY simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18455600]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Keith J. Hendren


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes an electronic device with a rotatable display portion that is mounted to a base portion. The display portion has a housing with a trim that partially defines an orifice and the exterior surface of the device. A display call is positioned at the orifice and secured to the display housing.

* The electronic device has a base portion and a rotatable display portion.
* The display portion includes a housing with a trim that partially defines an orifice.
* The orifice is a part of the exterior surface of the device.
* A display call is positioned at the orifice and secured to the display housing.

==Potential Applications==
* Mobile phones with rotatable displays.
* Laptops or tablets with adjustable screen angles.
* Gaming devices with rotating screens.

==Problems Solved==
* Allows for more flexible and adjustable display positions.
* Provides a secure and stable connection between the display call and the housing.
* Enhances the user experience by offering different viewing angles.

==Benefits==
* Improved ergonomics and comfort for users.
* Increased versatility and adaptability of electronic devices.
* Enhanced visual experience with adjustable display positions.

'''Abstract'''
 An electronic device can include a base portion and a display portion rotatably mounted to the base portion. The display portion can have a display housing including a trim that at least partially defines an orifice and a portion of the exterior surface of the electronic device. A display call can be positioned at the orifice in contact with the trim and can be secured to the display housing.

===BUTTON MECHANISM FOR WATERPROOF HOUSING ([[17806043. BUTTON MECHANISM FOR WATERPROOF HOUSING simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17806043]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Matthew J. Cheung


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes an electronic device with a recessed button that emits electromagnetic radiation. The device includes sensors and a processor that respond to the emitted radiation.

* The electronic device has a housing with a recessed button that emits electromagnetic radiation.
* The button can be moved between two positions.
* There are sensors positioned within the device that detect the emitted radiation and generate signals.
* A processor is present in the device and is connected to the sensors.
* The processor responds to the signals generated by the sensors.
* The device includes a memory with electronic instructions for the processor.

==Potential Applications==
* This technology can be used in various electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, or remote controls.
* It can be applied in gaming consoles or virtual reality devices to provide interactive and immersive experiences.
* The technology can be utilized in medical devices for remote monitoring or controlling purposes.

==Problems Solved==
* The recessed button design allows for a more compact and streamlined device design.
* The emitted electromagnetic radiation provides a new way of interacting with the device.
* The sensors and processor enable the device to respond to the emitted radiation accurately.

==Benefits==
* The recessed button design enhances the aesthetics and ergonomics of the device.
* The emitted electromagnetic radiation adds a new dimension to user interaction.
* The sensors and processor enable precise and reliable detection of the emitted radiation.

'''Abstract'''
 An electronic device can include: a housing defining an exterior surface and an internal volume, the exterior surface defining a recess having a base portion and a sidewall, the housing forming a continuous component; a button body positioned within the recess; an emissive object attached to the button body, the emissive object being movable between a first position and a second position and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation; a first sensor positioned within the internal volume and configured to generate a first signal in response to detecting electromagnetic radiation in the first position; a second sensor positioned within the internal volume and configured to generate a second signal; a processor positioned within the internal volume, and in electrical communication with the first sensor and the second sensor; and a memory having electronic instructions that cause the processor to respond to the first signal and the second signal.

===Electronic Devices With Display Operation Based on Eye Activity ([[18456307. Electronic Devices With Display Operation Based on Eye Activity simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18456307]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Mehmet N. Agaoglu


'''Brief explanation'''
 An electronic device with a display uses head-mounted support structures to hold the display. The device also has an eye monitoring system that detects eye movements and blinks. The control circuitry in the device coordinates the display operation with the periods of suppressed visual sensitivity during eye movements and blinks. This helps hide any visually obtrusive changes to the displayed images from the user. The adjustments made to the display operation can reduce burn-in effects, save power, and improve device performance.

* The electronic device has a display supported by head-mounted structures.
* An eye monitoring system detects eye movements and blinks.
* The control circuitry coordinates the display operation with periods of suppressed visual sensitivity during eye movements and blinks.
* Adjustments to the display circuitry and image content are made during these periods to hide visually obtrusive changes from the user.
* This technology can help reduce burn-in effects on the display.
* It can also help save power consumption.
* The device performance can be improved by coordinating the display operation with eye movements and blinks.

==Potential Applications==
This technology can be applied in various electronic devices with displays, such as:

* Virtual reality headsets
* Augmented reality glasses
* Smart glasses
* Head-up displays in vehicles

==Problems Solved==
This technology solves the following problems:

* Visually obtrusive changes to displayed images during eye movements and blinks
* Burn-in effects on the display
* High power consumption in electronic devices with displays

==Benefits==
The benefits of this technology include:

* Improved user experience by hiding visually obtrusive changes during eye movements and blinks
* Reduced burn-in effects on the display, leading to longer display lifespan
* Lower power consumption, resulting in extended battery life
* Enhanced device performance through coordinated display operation with eye movements and blinks

'''Abstract'''
 An electronic device may have a display for displaying image content. Head-mounted support structures in the device may be used to support the display. The electronic device may have an eye monitoring system that detects eye saccades and eye blinks. Control circuitry in the electronic device may coordinate operation of the display with periods of suppressed visual sensitivity that are associated with the saccades and blinks. By making adjustments to display circuitry and image content during periods of suppressed visual sensitivity, potentially visually obtrusive changes to displayed images can be hidden from a user of the electronic device. Adjustments to display operation may help reduce burn-in effects, may help reduce power consumption, and may otherwise improve device performance.

===HAPTICS APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE ([[18452688. HAPTICS APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18452688]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Douglas A. SCOTT


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes systems and methods for creating haptic patterns that combine haptic events, audio events, and optionally video or animation. These patterns can be used in applications or attached to messages and played on electronic devices.

* Haptic patterns can be called from an application or included as an attachment to a message and played on electronic devices.
* A haptics application programming interface allows for the generation of the same haptic experience on different electronic devices with different haptic hardware.
* Haptic patterns can include synchronized haptic and audio events.
* Haptic event attributes include start time, sharpness, and intensity.
* Sharpness and intensity can be controlled through a parameter envelope for a single event or multiple events in a haptic pattern.
* Sharpness indicates the quality of the tactile sensation, ranging from smooth or rounded to sharp or precise.

== Potential Applications ==
* Gaming: Haptic patterns can enhance the gaming experience by providing synchronized haptic and audio feedback.
* Communication: Haptic patterns can be used to convey emotions or messages through touch in messaging applications.
* Accessibility: Haptic patterns can assist individuals with visual or hearing impairments by providing tactile and audio cues.

== Problems Solved ==
* Inconsistency in haptic experiences across different electronic devices with varying haptic hardware.
* Lack of synchronized haptic and audio feedback in applications and messages.
* Limited control over the sharpness and intensity of haptic events in patterns.

== Benefits ==
* Consistent haptic experiences across different electronic devices.
* Enhanced user experience through synchronized haptic and audio feedback.
* Greater control over the tactile sensations of haptic events in patterns.

'''Abstract'''
 Systems and methods are disclosed defining haptic patterns that include both haptic events and audio events, and optionally include video or animation. The haptic patterns can be called from an application or included as an attachment to a message and played on an electronic device that receives the message. A haptics application programming interface has a haptic experience mapping functionality that generates a same, or similar, haptic experience on different manufacturers or models of electronic devices having different haptic hardware. Haptic patterns can include synchronized haptic and audio events. Haptic event attributes include start time, sharpness, and intensity. Sharpness and/or intensity can be controlled via a parameter envelope for a single event, or for multiple events in a haptic pattern. Sharpness indicates a quality of the tactile sensation of a haptic event, from smooth or rounded, to sharp or precise.

===PROXIMITY DETECTION FOR TOUCH INPUT DEVICES ([[18449551. PROXIMITY DETECTION FOR TOUCH INPUT DEVICES simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18449551]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Tavys Q. Ashcroft


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a technology that uses sensors to detect user objects in different zones of a touch screen interface, reducing power consumption of the device.
* The technology uses at least one object sensor with a larger detection range than the touch screen sensor.
* The touch screen sensor can enter a low power state until the object sensor detects a user object approaching the touch screen.
* Object sensors are positioned around or within the touch screen's interaction area.
* The object sensors consume less power than the touch screen sensors, improving the device's battery life and energy efficiency.
* Object sensors can also detect gestures and user object positioning.

==Potential Applications==
This technology can have various applications in electronic devices, such as:
* Smartphones and tablets
* Laptops and computers
* Gaming consoles and controllers
* Automotive touch screen interfaces
* Public touch screen kiosks

==Problems Solved==
The technology addresses the following problems:
* High power consumption of touch screen interfaces, especially when the device is in a suspended or sleep state.
* Limited battery life of electronic devices due to continuous touch screen sensor operation.
* Inefficient use of power by touch screen sensors when no user object is present.

==Benefits==
The technology offers several benefits:
* Extended standby battery life for electronic devices.
* More energy-efficient operation, reducing the need for frequent charging.
* Improved user experience by reducing power consumption without compromising touch screen functionality.
* Enhanced gesture recognition and object positioning capabilities.

'''Abstract'''
 Sensors capable of detection of user objects within different detection zones can be used to reduce power consumption of a touch screen interface of an electronic device, even while the device is in a suspended or sleep state. At least one object sensor, such as a capacitive sensor, has a detection zone or range exceeding the range of a touch screen sensor, so the touch screen sensor can be placed into a low power state until the object sensor detects a user object in a position approaching the touch screen. The object sensor(s) are positioned around or within the perimeter of the interaction area of the touch screen. The object sensor(s) can have less power consumption than the touch screen sensors, so the electronic device can have extended standby battery life or other more energy efficient operation. Object sensors are also used to detect gestures or user object positioning.

===Displaying Representations of Environments ([[18238297. Displaying Representations of Environments simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18238297]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Bruno M. Sommer


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a method for displaying a virtual emergency room (ER) environment using diorama-view representations. The method allows for transforming the spatial relationship between objects in the virtual environment based on user input.

* The method displays a virtual home ER environment with diorama-view representations of different ER environments.
* Each diorama-view representation shows ER objects arranged in a spatial relationship based on their corresponding world coordinates.
* When a user interacts with a specific diorama-view representation, the method transforms the virtual environment.
* This transformation changes the spatial relationship between a subset of ER objects based on their world coordinates.
* The method also allows for changing the viewing vector of a diorama-view representation while maintaining the arrangement of ER objects.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Virtual training simulations for emergency medical personnel.
* Virtual reality experiences for medical students to practice ER scenarios.
* Remote collaboration and consultation among medical professionals in different locations.
* Gaming or entertainment applications that involve virtual ER environments.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Provides a more immersive and interactive way to visualize and explore virtual ER environments.
* Allows for dynamic transformations of the virtual environment based on user input.
* Enhances training and learning experiences in the field of emergency medicine.

Benefits of this technology:

* Improved understanding and visualization of complex ER environments.
* Enhanced training and skill development for emergency medical personnel.
* Increased engagement and interactivity in virtual reality experiences.
* Facilitates remote collaboration and consultation among medical professionals.

'''Abstract'''
 A method includes displaying a home ER environment characterized by home ER world coordinates, including one or more diorama-view representation of one or more respective ER environments. Each diorama-view representation includes ER objects arranged in a spatial relationship according to corresponding ER world coordinates. In some implementations, in response to detecting an input directed to a first diorama-view representation, the method includes transforming the home ER environment. Transforming the home ER environment includes transforming the spatial relationship between a subset of the ER objects as a function of the home ER world coordinates and corresponding ER world coordinates. In some implementations, in response to detecting an input associated with a first one of a plurality of diorama-view representations, the method includes changing display of the first one of the plurality of diorama-view representations from a first viewing vector to a second viewing vector while maintaining an arrangement of ER objects.

===AUDIO ASSISTED ENROLLMENT ([[18237849. AUDIO ASSISTED ENROLLMENT simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18237849]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Sawyer I. COHEN


'''Brief explanation'''
 The present patent application discusses techniques for using audio cues to assist users in enrolling their biometric features. This technology aims to simplify the process of capturing biometric data by providing spatial audio cues to guide users during the enrollment process.

* Methods and devices are described for assisting users with enrolling their biometric features.
* The techniques utilize spatial audio cues to guide users during the enrollment process.
* The audio cues help users position themselves correctly and capture accurate biometric data.
* The technology aims to simplify and improve the accuracy of biometric feature enrollment.

== Potential Applications ==
This technology has potential applications in various fields, including:

* Biometric authentication systems: The audio-assisted enrollment can enhance the accuracy and ease of enrolling biometric features for authentication purposes.
* Identity verification: By simplifying the enrollment process, this technology can facilitate the verification of individuals' identities in various scenarios, such as border control or access control systems.
* Biometric data collection: The audio cues can assist in collecting accurate biometric data for research or statistical purposes.

== Problems Solved ==
The technology addresses several problems associated with biometric feature enrollment:

* User guidance: The audio cues provide clear instructions to users, helping them position themselves correctly and capture accurate biometric data.
* Enrollment accuracy: By guiding users, the technology aims to improve the accuracy of biometric feature enrollment, reducing the chances of errors or false readings.
* Enrollment complexity: The audio-assisted enrollment simplifies the process, making it more user-friendly and accessible to individuals with varying levels of technical expertise.

== Benefits ==
The use of audio cues for biometric feature enrollment offers several benefits:

* Improved accuracy: By guiding users, the technology helps ensure that the captured biometric data is accurate, reducing the chances of false readings or errors.
* Simplified process: The audio cues simplify the enrollment process, making it easier for users to follow instructions and complete the enrollment successfully.
* Enhanced user experience: The technology provides a more user-friendly and accessible approach to biometric feature enrollment, improving the overall user experience.

'''Abstract'''
 The present disclosure generally relates techniques for audio-assisted enrollment of biometric features. In some embodiments, methods and devices for assisting users with enrollment of biometric features, using spatial audio cues, are described.

===EMERGENCY INFORMATION ACCESS ON PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES ([[18456479. EMERGENCY INFORMATION ACCESS ON PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18456479]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Steven Charles MICHALSKE


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes improved techniques for accessing emergency contacts on a locked portable electronic device without requiring a password. Here are the key points:

* The portable electronic device has one or more designated emergency contacts.
* When the device is locked with a password, a request to display the emergency contacts is received.
* The emergency contacts are then displayed on the locked device without needing to enter the password.

== Potential Applications ==
This technology can be applied in various scenarios where quick access to emergency contacts is crucial, such as:

* Emergency situations where the device owner is incapacitated and someone else needs to contact their emergency contacts.
* Medical emergencies where first responders or healthcare professionals need to quickly access the device owner's emergency contacts.
* Situations where a lost or stolen device needs to be returned to the owner by contacting their emergency contacts.

== Problems Solved ==
The technology addresses the following problems:

* Difficulty in accessing emergency contacts on a locked device, which can delay or hinder emergency response.
* Inability to quickly contact the device owner's emergency contacts in urgent situations.
* Potential loss or theft of a device without a means for others to identify and contact the owner's emergency contacts.

== Benefits ==
The use of this technology provides several benefits:

* Quick and easy access to emergency contacts on a locked device, improving emergency response times.
* Enhanced safety and peace of mind for device owners, knowing that their emergency contacts can be easily reached.
* Increased chances of recovering lost or stolen devices by enabling contact with the owner's emergency contacts.

'''Abstract'''
 Improved techniques for facilitating emergency access to one or more contacts stored on a portable electronic device are disclosed. One or more contacts on the portable electronic device are designated as emergency contacts. While the portable electronic device is password-locked, a request to display the one or more emergency contacts on the password-locked portable electronic device is received. Without requiring a password, the one or more emergency contacts are displayed on the portable electronic device.

===MACHINE-LEARNING BASED GESTURE RECOGNITION ([[18203635. MACHINE-LEARNING BASED GESTURE RECOGNITION simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18203635]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Keith P. AVERY


'''Brief explanation'''
 The subject technology described in this patent application is a system that uses non-touch sensors in a device to predict touch-based gestures and adjust the audio output level accordingly. Here is a simplified explanation of the patent:

* The technology receives output from a first non-touch sensor and a second non-touch sensor in a device.
* The first sensor provides sensor output of a first type, while the second sensor provides sensor output of a second type.
* These sensor outputs are then used as inputs to a machine learning model.
* The machine learning model has been trained to predict touch-based gestures based on the sensor outputs.
* The technology provides a predicted touch-based gesture based on the output from the machine learning model.
* Additionally, the technology adjusts the audio output level of the device based on the predicted gesture.
* This technology is specifically designed for audio output devices.

Potential applications of this technology:

* This technology can be used in smartphones, tablets, or other devices with audio output capabilities.
* It can enhance user experience by automatically adjusting the audio output based on predicted touch-based gestures.
* This technology can be particularly useful for individuals with disabilities or limited mobility, allowing them to control audio output without physically touching the device.

Problems solved by this technology:

* This technology solves the problem of accurately predicting touch-based gestures without relying on physical touch inputs.
* It eliminates the need for additional touch sensors or buttons on the device, simplifying the design and reducing costs.
* It provides a more intuitive and seamless user experience by automatically adjusting audio output based on predicted gestures.

Benefits of this technology:

* Users can control the audio output of their devices without physically touching them, providing a more convenient and hygienic experience.
* The machine learning model can continuously learn and improve its prediction accuracy over time, enhancing the overall user experience.
* This technology can be easily integrated into existing devices without requiring major hardware modifications.

'''Abstract'''
 The subject technology receives, from a first sensor of a device, first sensor output of a first type. The subject technology receives, from a second sensor of the device, second sensor output of a second type, the first and second sensors being non-touch sensors. The subject technology provides the first sensor output and the second sensor output as inputs to a machine learning model, the machine learning model having been trained to output a predicted touch-based gesture based on sensor output of the first type and sensor output of the second type. The subject technology provides a predicted touch-based gesture based on output from the machine learning model. Further, the subject technology adjusts an audio output level of the device based on the predicted gesture, and where the device is an audio output device.

===DYNAMIC CAMERA SELECTION ([[18203560. DYNAMIC CAMERA SELECTION simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18203560]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

George E. WILLIAMS


'''Brief explanation'''
 This patent application describes techniques for determining information about a physical environment using cameras. The techniques aim to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of gathering data about the environment. Here are the key points:

* The techniques can be used alongside or instead of existing methods for gathering information about a physical environment.
* One technique involves switching between cameras to calculate the depth of a specific location in the environment. This switch occurs when the current images do not provide enough information for depth calculation.
* Another technique involves switching between cameras to obtain sufficient data for a specific location within a representation (e.g., a 3D representation) of the physical environment. The switch is triggered when there is not enough data available for that location.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Augmented reality (AR) applications that require accurate depth information of the physical environment.
* Robotics and autonomous systems that rely on understanding the physical environment for navigation and object recognition.
* Virtual reality (VR) applications that aim to create realistic and immersive environments.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Insufficient feature correlation in current images can hinder accurate depth calculation. The techniques described in the patent application address this problem by switching cameras to obtain better data.
* Incomplete data for specific locations within a representation of the physical environment can limit the effectiveness of applications relying on that data. The techniques solve this problem by switching cameras to gather sufficient data.

Benefits of this technology:

* Improved accuracy and efficiency in determining information about a physical environment.
* Enhanced capabilities for AR, VR, robotics, and other applications that rely on understanding the physical environment.
* More reliable depth calculation and data acquisition, leading to better performance and user experience in various applications.

'''Abstract'''
 This disclosure provides more effective and/or efficient techniques for determining information about a physical environment. Such techniques optionally complement or replace other techniques for determining information about a physical environment. Some techniques described herein cover switching which cameras are used to calculate a depth of a location in a physical environment. The switch may occur when current images do not have sufficient feature correlation for calculating the depth of the location. Other techniques described herein cover switching which cameras are used to obtain sufficient data for a location within a representation (e.g., a three-dimensional representation) of a physical environment. The switch may occur in response to determining that there is not sufficient data for the location.

===Three-Dimensional Mesh Compression Using a Video Encoder ([[18452345. Three-Dimensional Mesh Compression Using a Video Encoder simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18452345]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Khaled Mammou


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a system that uses video encoding techniques to compress and encode data for a three-dimensional mesh.

* The system includes an encoder that compresses and encodes the three-dimensional mesh by determining sub-meshes, texture patches, and geometry patches.
* The encoder also determines patch connectivity information and patch texture coordinates for the texture patches and geometry patches.
* The texture patches and geometry patches are packed into video image frames and encoded using a video codec.
* The encoder also determines boundary stitching information for the sub-meshes.
* A decoder receives the bit stream generated by the encoder and reconstructs the original three-dimensional mesh.

==Potential Applications==
* 3D modeling and animation: This technology can be used in applications that require compressing and encoding three-dimensional mesh data, such as video games, virtual reality, and computer-generated imagery (CGI) in movies.
* Data transmission: The system can be used to efficiently transmit three-dimensional mesh data over networks, making it useful in applications like video streaming, teleconferencing, and remote collaboration.

==Problems Solved==
* Compression of three-dimensional mesh data: The system solves the problem of efficiently compressing and encoding large amounts of three-dimensional mesh data, reducing storage and bandwidth requirements.
* Reconstruction of three-dimensional mesh: The decoder can accurately reconstruct the original three-dimensional mesh from the compressed bit stream, ensuring the integrity of the data.

==Benefits==
* Efficient compression: By utilizing video encoding techniques, the system achieves efficient compression of three-dimensional mesh data, reducing storage and bandwidth requirements.
* Accurate reconstruction: The decoder can accurately reconstruct the original three-dimensional mesh, ensuring the fidelity of the data.
* Versatility: The system can be applied to various applications that involve three-dimensional mesh data, providing a flexible solution for compression and encoding.

'''Abstract'''
 A system comprises an encoder configured to compress and encode data for a three-dimensional mesh using a video encoding technique. To compress the three-dimensional mesh, the encoder determines sub-meshes and for each sub-mesh: texture patches and geometry patches. Also the encoder determines patch connectivity information and patch texture coordinates for the texture patches and geometry patches. The texture patches and geometry patches are packed into video image frames and encoded using a video codec. Additionally, the encoder determines boundary stitching information for the sub-meshes. A decoder receives a bit stream as generated by the encoder and reconstructs the three-dimensional mesh.

===Mesh Compression Using Coding Units with Different Encoding Parameters ([[18303411. Mesh Compression Using Coding Units with Different Encoding Parameters simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18303411]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Khaled Mammou


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a system that compresses and encodes data for a three-dimensional mesh. The system includes an encoder that identifies sub-meshes and determines texture patches and geometry patches for each sub-mesh. The sub-meshes can be grouped into patches, patch-groups, and/or tiles. Different encoding parameters can be used for these coding units. However, the encoding parameters are adjusted for vertices that are shared between coding units to prevent the introduction of artifacts. A decoder is used to receive the encoded bit stream and reconstruct the original three-dimensional mesh.

* The system compresses and encodes data for a three-dimensional mesh.
* An encoder is used to determine sub-meshes and identify texture patches and geometry patches for each sub-mesh.
* Sub-meshes can be grouped into patches, patch-groups, and/or tiles.
* Different encoding parameters can be used for different coding units.
* Encoding parameters are adjusted for shared vertices to avoid introducing artifacts.
* A decoder is used to receive the encoded bit stream and reconstruct the original three-dimensional mesh.

==Potential Applications==
This technology can have various applications in fields such as:

* Computer graphics and animation
* Virtual reality and augmented reality
* Video game development
* 3D modeling and design
* Medical imaging and visualization

==Problems Solved==
The technology addresses the following problems:

* Efficient compression and encoding of three-dimensional mesh data
* Preservation of visual quality and accuracy during compression
* Handling of shared vertices between coding units to prevent artifacts

==Benefits==
The technology offers the following benefits:

* Reduced storage and bandwidth requirements for three-dimensional mesh data
* Improved efficiency in transmitting and rendering three-dimensional models
* Preserved visual quality and accuracy in reconstructed meshes
* Flexibility in adjusting encoding parameters for different coding units

'''Abstract'''
 A system comprises an encoder configured to compress and encode data for a three-dimensional mesh. To compress the three-dimensional mesh, the encoder determines sub-meshes and for each sub-mesh: texture patches and geometry patches. Also, the sub-meshes may be grouped into patches, patch-groups, and/or tiles. Different encoding parameters may be used for such different coding units (e.g., patches, patch-groups and/or tiles). However, the encoding parameters are adjusted for vertices that are shared between coding units to avoid introduction of artefacts. A decoder receives a bit stream as generated by the encoder and reconstructs the three-dimensional mesh.

===Generating Content for Physical Elements ([[18237656. Generating Content for Physical Elements simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18237656]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Ian M. Richter


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes a patent application that involves obtaining different types of content based on the identification of physical elements of objects. The content is associated with the respective object types and can be combined to generate new content associated with a different object type. This third content is then displayed on a display.

* Obtaining first content associated with a first object type based on the identification of a first physical element.
* Obtaining second content associated with a second object type based on the identification of a second physical element.
* Detecting that the second physical element is within a certain distance of the first physical element.
* Generating third content by combining the first and second content.
* The third content is associated with a third object type that is different from the first and second object types.
* Displaying the third content on a display.

==Potential Applications==
* Augmented reality applications that combine information from different objects to provide a new interactive experience.
* Smart home systems that integrate information from various devices to offer personalized content or recommendations.
* Retail applications that merge data from different products to create customized offers or suggestions.

==Problems Solved==
* Difficulty in obtaining and combining content from different objects or sources.
* Lack of a unified system to generate new content based on the combination of existing content.
* Inefficiency in displaying relevant information to users based on the proximity of physical elements.

==Benefits==
* Enhanced user experience by providing a comprehensive view of different objects and their associated content.
* Increased efficiency in generating and displaying relevant information by leveraging the proximity of physical elements.
* Improved personalization and customization of content by combining data from multiple sources.

'''Abstract'''
 First content may be obtained in response to identifying a first physical element of a first object type. The first content may be associated with the first object type. Second content may be obtained in response to identifying a second physical element of a second object type. The second content may be associated with the second object type. The second physical element may be detected as being within a threshold distance of the first physical element. Third content may be generated based on a combination of the first content and the second content. The third content may be associated with a third object type that is different from the first object type and the second object type. The third content may be displayed on the display.

===METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VISUALIZING SENSORY PERCEPTION ([[18233873. METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VISUALIZING SENSORY PERCEPTION simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18233873]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Ian M. Richter


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a method for generating a third person view of a computer-generated reality (CGR) environment. Here is a simplified explanation of the abstract:

* The method starts by obtaining a first viewing vector, which represents the direction in which a first user is looking within the CGR environment.
* Based on this viewing vector and other depth attributes, a first viewing frustum is determined for the first user. A viewing frustum is a geometric shape that represents the field of view of a camera or viewer.
* A representation of the first viewing frustum is then generated.
* Finally, a third person view of the CGR environment is displayed, showing an avatar of the first user and the representation of the first viewing frustum next to the avatar.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Gaming: This method can be used to provide a more immersive gaming experience by allowing players to see their avatar and their field of view in a third person perspective.
* Virtual reality (VR): By generating a third person view, this method can enhance the sense of presence and immersion in VR environments.
* Training and simulations: This technology can be used in training scenarios or simulations where a third person perspective is desired for monitoring or analysis purposes.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Limited perspective: In CGR environments, users typically have a first person perspective, which may limit their awareness of their surroundings. This method solves this problem by providing a third person view, allowing users to see a wider field of view.
* Monitoring and analysis: In certain applications, it may be important to monitor or analyze the user's field of view. This method solves this problem by generating a representation of the viewing frustum, which can be used for monitoring or analysis purposes.

Benefits of this technology:

* Enhanced immersion: By providing a third person view, users can have a more immersive experience in CGR environments.
* Improved situational awareness: The third person view allows users to have a better understanding of their surroundings, which can be beneficial in gaming, training, or simulation scenarios.
* Monitoring and analysis capabilities: The generated representation of the viewing frustum enables monitoring and analysis of the user's field of view, providing valuable insights for various applications.

'''Abstract'''
 In some implementations, a method of generating a third person view of a computer-generated reality (CGR) environment is performed at a device including non-transitory memory and one or more processors coupled with the non-transitory memory. The method includes: obtaining a first viewing vector associated with a first user within a CGR environment; determining a first viewing frustum for the first user within the CGR environment based on the first viewing vector associated with the first user and one or more depth attributes; generating a representation of the first viewing frustum; and displaying, via the display device, a third person view of the CGR environment including an avatar of the first user and the representation of the first viewing frustum adjacent to the avatar of the first user.

===EXTENDED REALITY BASED DIGITAL ASSISTANT INTERACTIONS ([[18202849. EXTENDED REALITY BASED DIGITAL ASSISTANT INTERACTIONS simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18202849]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Lynn I. STREJA


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a process for using extended reality (XR) technology to interact with a digital assistant. Here are the key points:

* The process involves detecting a user's gaze at a specific object displayed in an XR environment.
* If the user gazes at the object, it expands into a list of objects, including a digital assistant representation.
* The user's gaze is then detected on the digital assistant object, initiating a digital assistant session.
* The digital assistant displays an animation to indicate that it is actively listening to the user's audio input.

Potential applications of this technology:

* XR-based digital assistants could be used in various industries, such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.
* It could enhance user experiences in XR gaming by providing interactive and responsive digital assistant characters.
* XR-based digital assistants could be integrated into smart home systems, allowing users to control their devices through gaze interaction.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Traditional methods of interacting with digital assistants may not be suitable for XR environments.
* This technology provides a more immersive and intuitive way for users to engage with digital assistants in XR.

Benefits of this technology:

* Users can seamlessly interact with digital assistants in XR environments without the need for physical input devices.
* The use of gaze detection and animations enhances the user experience and makes the interaction more engaging.
* XR-based digital assistants can provide personalized and context-aware assistance, improving efficiency and convenience for users.

'''Abstract'''
 An example process includes: while displaying a portion of an extended reality (XR) environment representing a current field of view of a user: detecting a user gaze at a first object displayed in the XR environment, where the first object is persistent in the current field of view of the XR environment; in response to detecting the user gaze at the first object, expanding the first object into a list of objects including a second object representing a digital assistant; detecting a user gaze at the second object; in accordance with detecting the user gaze at the second object, displaying a first animation of the second object indicating that a digital assistant session is initiated; receiving a first audio input from the user; and displaying a second animation of the second object indicating that the digital assistant is actively listening to the user.

===ACCESSIBLE MIXED REALITY APPLICATIONS ([[18239018. ACCESSIBLE MIXED REALITY APPLICATIONS simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18239018]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Jeffrey Philip BIGHAM


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes a process for placing virtual objects in an environment using an electronic device. Here is a simplified explanation of the abstract:

* The process starts by displaying a view of the environment on the electronic device, showing a virtual object at the current location of the device.
* As the device moves to a new location, the process detects this movement and updates the view of the environment accordingly.
* The updated view shows the virtual object at the new location corresponding to the device's updated location.
* The process then allows the user to input a command to place the virtual object.
* In response to the user's input, the virtual object is placed at the new location in the environment.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Augmented reality gaming: Users can place virtual objects in their real-world environment to interact with them in games.
* Interior design: Users can virtually place furniture or decor items in their living space to see how they would look before making a purchase.
* Navigation and wayfinding: Virtual markers or signs can be placed in the environment to provide directions or information to users.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Accurate placement: The process ensures that virtual objects are placed precisely in the desired location in the environment, based on the device's movement.
* Real-time updates: The view of the environment is updated in real-time as the device moves, allowing for a seamless and immersive experience.
* User-friendly interaction: The process allows users to easily place virtual objects through simple input commands, enhancing the usability of the technology.

Benefits of this technology:

* Enhanced user experience: Users can interact with virtual objects in their real-world environment, creating a more immersive and engaging experience.
* Improved decision-making: The ability to virtually place objects in an environment can help users make informed decisions before committing to physical changes or purchases.
* Increased convenience: Users can easily place virtual objects without the need for complex tools or equipment, making the process more accessible and convenient.

'''Abstract'''
 An example process for placing virtual objects in an environment includes: displaying a first view of the environment, the first view including a virtual object displayed at a first location on a first surface of the environment, the first location corresponding to a current location of the electronic device; detecting movement of the electronic device from the current location to an updated location; in accordance with detecting the movement from the current location to the updated location: displaying a second view of the environment, the second view including the virtual object displayed at a second location on the first surface of the environment, the second location corresponding to the updated location; and receiving user input to place the virtual object; and in response to receiving the user input, placing the virtual object at the second location.

===Merged 3D Spaces During Communication Sessions ([[18205591. Merged 3D Spaces During Communication Sessions simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18205591]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Hayden J. Lee


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes devices, systems, and methods for creating a communication session where participants can view a merged virtual environment representing portions of their physical spaces. The alignment of these spaces is based on selected vertical surfaces, such as walls, within each user's physical environment. Here are the key points:

* Users can manually select a wall in their own room, and the system aligns and merges the rooms based on these selected walls.
* The merged view gives the appearance that the walls have been knocked down or erased, creating portals into the other user's room.
* This technology utilizes extended reality (XR) environments, which can include virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), or mixed reality (MR).
* The system allows participants to have a shared experience in a virtual environment, even if they are physically located in different places.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Remote collaboration: Users can collaborate and interact in a shared virtual environment, regardless of their physical locations.
* Virtual meetings: Participants can have more immersive and engaging meetings by merging their physical spaces into a shared XR environment.
* Virtual social gatherings: Friends and family members can come together in a virtual space that combines their physical environments, enhancing the sense of presence and togetherness.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Overcoming physical distance: The technology allows people to connect and interact as if they were in the same physical space, bridging the gap between remote locations.
* Enhancing collaboration: By merging physical spaces, participants can have a more immersive and interactive collaboration experience, improving communication and understanding.

Benefits of this technology:

* Increased engagement: The merged XR environment provides a more engaging and immersive experience for participants, enhancing their interaction and communication.
* Cost and time savings: Users can avoid the need for physical travel by connecting virtually, saving time and expenses associated with in-person meetings.
* Flexibility and accessibility: Participants can join the communication session from anywhere, using their own devices, making it more convenient and accessible for everyone involved.

'''Abstract'''
 Various implementations disclosed herein include devices, systems, and methods that provide a communication session in which the participants view an extended reality (XR) environment that represents a portion of a first user's physical space merged with a portion of a second user's physical space. The respective spaces are aligned based on selected vertical surface (e.g., walls) within each physical environment. For example, each user may manually select a respective wall of their own physical room and each may be presented with a view in which the two rooms appear to be stitched together along the selected walls. In some implementations, the rooms are aligned and merged to give the appearance that the walls were knocked down/erased and turned into portals into the other user's room.

===GENERATION OF CUSTOMIZED PERSONAL HEALTH ONTOLOGIES ([[18235105. GENERATION OF CUSTOMIZED PERSONAL HEALTH ONTOLOGIES simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18235105]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Patrick W. Granvold


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes a user interface that presents a graph of health record data stored on a user device. The interface accesses a personal health ontology on the device to determine the type of data for each observable value. Filters can be added to specific types of data, and the interface applies these filters to the observable values.

* User interface presents a graph of health record data from a user device
* Accesses a personal health ontology on the device
* Determines the type of data for each observable value
* Adds filters to specific types of data
* Applies filters to the observable values

==Potential Applications==
This technology can be applied in various healthcare and wellness applications, including:

* Personal health tracking apps
* Electronic medical record systems
* Health monitoring devices and wearables
* Telemedicine platforms

==Problems Solved==
The technology addresses the following problems:

* Difficulty in visualizing and understanding health record data
* Lack of personalized filtering options for specific types of health data
* Inefficient access and utilization of personal health ontologies

==Benefits==
The technology offers several benefits:

* Enhanced visualization of health record data through graphs
* Personalized filtering options for specific types of health data
* Improved understanding and analysis of health information
* Efficient utilization of personal health ontologies for data categorization and filtering

'''Abstract'''
 A user interface may be used to present a graph that represents observable values from health record data stored on a user device. A personal health ontology stored on the user device may be accessed. At least one observable value of the observable values may be determined to be of a type of data for which a filter exists by at least accessing the personal health ontology. A filter may be added to the least one observable value. The user interface including the graph may be presented and the filter may be applied to the at least one observable value.

===DIE STITCHING AND HARVESTING OF ARRAYED STRUCTURES ([[18339132. DIE STITCHING AND HARVESTING OF ARRAYED STRUCTURES simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18339132]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Sanjay Dabral


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes multi-die structures with die-to-die routing, where each die is patterned into the same semiconductor substrate. The dies can be interconnected with die-to-die routing during back-end wafer processing. Partial metallic seals can be formed to accommodate the die-to-die routing, and programmable dicing can be used. The technology can also be applied to three-dimensional structures formed using wafer-on-wafer or chip-on-wafer techniques.

* Multi-die structures with die-to-die routing are described in the patent application.
* Each die is patterned into the same semiconductor substrate.
* The dies can be interconnected with die-to-die routing during back-end wafer processing.
* Partial metallic seals can be formed to accommodate the die-to-die routing.
* Programmable dicing can be used.
* The technology can be extended to three-dimensional structures formed using wafer-on-wafer or chip-on-wafer techniques.

== Potential Applications ==
* Semiconductor manufacturing industry
* Electronics industry
* Integrated circuit design and production

== Problems Solved ==
* Enables efficient interconnection of multiple dies on a single semiconductor substrate
* Allows for die-to-die routing during back-end wafer processing
* Provides flexibility in forming partial metallic seals and programmable dicing

== Benefits ==
* Improved integration and connectivity of multiple dies
* Enhanced functionality and performance of integrated circuits
* Increased flexibility in manufacturing and design processes

'''Abstract'''
 Multi-die structures with die-to-die routing are described. In an embodiment, each die is patterned into the same semiconductor substrate, and the dies may be interconnected with die-to-die routing during back-end wafer processing. Partial metallic seals may be formed to accommodate the die-to-die routing, programmable dicing, and various combinations of full metallic seals and partial metallic seals can be formed. This may also be extended to three dimensional structures formed using wafer-on-wafer or chip-on-wafer techniques.

===3D Embedded Redistribution Layers for IC Substrate Packaging ([[17806660. 3D Embedded Redistribution Layers for IC Substrate Packaging simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17806660]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Ryan Mesch


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes improved redistribution layer structures for integrated circuit or system-on-chip packages. These structures allow for self-alignment of via landing pads and via interconnects, resulting in decreased widths or diameters of pads terminating non-stacked vias without requiring extra capture space. The vias in the redistribution layers have vertical or near vertical sidewalls and can have various shapes, widths, or lengths. The traces in the redistribution layers can also have various lengths and shapes, with some extending into layers routing the vias to increase metal density in the traces.

* Via landing pads and via interconnects in the redistribution layers are self-aligning with the centers of the vias aligning with the pads.
* This self-alignment allows for decreased widths or diameters of pads terminating non-stacked vias without extra capture space.
* The vias in the redistribution layers have vertical or near vertical sidewalls.
* Vias can have various shapes, widths, or lengths.
* Traces in the redistribution layers have various lengths and shapes, with some extending into layers routing the vias to increase metal density in the traces.

==Potential Applications==
* Integrated circuit packages
* System-on-chip packages

==Problems Solved==
* Decreased widths or diameters of pads terminating non-stacked vias without extra capture space
* Increased metal density in traces

==Benefits==
* Improved redistribution layer structures
* Self-alignment of via landing pads and via interconnects
* Increased metal density in traces

'''Abstract'''
 Improved redistribution layer structures for integrated circuit or system-on-chip (SoC) packages substrate are disclosed. Via landing pads and via interconnects in the redistribution layers are self-aligning with the centers of the vias aligning with the pads. This self-alignment may allow pads that terminate non-stacked vias to have decreased widths or diameters without extra capture space. The redistribution layers have vias with vertical or near vertical sidewalls. Vias may also have various shapes, widths, or lengths. Traces in the redistribution layers may have various lengths and shapes with lengths that may extend into layers routing the vias to provide increased metal density in the traces.

===Electronic Devices Having Semiconductor Sensors With Metal Optical Filters ([[18191438. Electronic Devices Having Semiconductor Sensors With Metal Optical Filters simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18191438]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Ove Lyngnes


'''Brief explanation'''
 An electronic device with an ambient light sensor that produces signals in response to light incident on the device. The sensor includes a filter that transmits visible light while blocking infrared light. The filter includes thin-film dielectric layers and metal layers to ensure infrared light is blocked regardless of the angle of incident light.

* The electronic device has an ambient light sensor that responds to light incident on the device.
* The sensor includes a filter that allows visible light to pass through while blocking infrared light.
* The filter consists of thin-film dielectric layers and metal layers.
* The metal layers are interleaved with the thin-film dielectric layers.
* A diffuser in the sensor scatters the light into a desired angular distribution.
* The filter design ensures that infrared light is blocked regardless of the angle of incident light.

== Potential Applications ==
* Smartphones and tablets with automatic brightness adjustment based on ambient light.
* Digital cameras with automatic exposure control.
* Ambient light sensing in automotive displays and controls.
* Lighting control systems that adjust brightness based on ambient light conditions.

== Problems Solved ==
* Interference from infrared components or external light sources affecting the operation of the ambient light sensor.
* Ensuring accurate and consistent ambient light sensing regardless of the angle of incident light.

== Benefits ==
* Improved accuracy and reliability of ambient light sensing.
* Consistent performance in various lighting conditions and angles.
* Enhanced user experience with automatic brightness adjustment in electronic devices.
* Energy savings by optimizing lighting control systems based on ambient light conditions.

'''Abstract'''
 An electronic device may include an ambient light sensor or other semiconductor sensor. The sensor may produce signals in response to light incident on the electronic device and therefore incident on the sensor. In some cases, components within the electronic device, such as infrared components, or external light sources may interfere with the operation of the sensor. Therefore, the sensor may include a filter that transmits at least a portion of visible light while blocking infrared light. Because light may be incident on the electronic device from a variety of angles, a diffuser in the sensor may scatter the light into a desired angular distribution. To ensure that infrared light is blocked regardless of the angle of the incident light, the filter may include both thin-film dielectric layers and metal layers. The metal layers may be interleaved with the thin-film dielectric layers.

===SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ESTIMATING BATTERY TEMPERATURE ([[17837964. SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ESTIMATING BATTERY TEMPERATURE simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17837964]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Wei He


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a battery with processing circuitry that can estimate the temperature of the battery cell using various models. These models include a battery cell heat generation model, a gas gauge and system heat generation model, and a battery and gas gauge heat transfer model. The models take inputs such as battery voltage, open-circuit voltage, battery current, and gas gauge temperature to determine the estimated temperature of the battery cell.

* The battery includes processing circuitry to estimate the temperature of the battery cell.
* The estimation is done using various models, including a battery cell heat generation model, a gas gauge and system heat generation model, and a battery and gas gauge heat transfer model.
* The models take inputs such as battery voltage, open-circuit voltage, battery current, and gas gauge temperature.
* The estimated temperature helps in monitoring and managing the battery's performance and health.

== Potential Applications ==
* Battery management systems in electric vehicles.
* Portable electronic devices with built-in batteries.
* Renewable energy storage systems.

== Problems Solved ==
* Accurate temperature estimation of battery cells.
* Improved battery performance and lifespan.
* Enhanced safety by preventing overheating or overcooling of batteries.

== Benefits ==
* Efficient battery management and optimization.
* Extended battery lifespan.
* Enhanced safety and reliability of battery-powered devices.

'''Abstract'''
 A battery includes a battery cell and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to determine an estimated temperature of the battery cell as a function of various models. The models include a battery cell heat generation model that receives a first input indicative of a battery voltage measurement, a second input indicative of a voltage corresponding to a battery open-circuit voltage (OCV) model, and a third input indicative of a battery current measurement. The models also include a gas gauge and system heat generation model that receives the third input. The models also include a battery and gas gauge heat transfer model that receives a fourth input indicative of a gas gauge temperature measurement.

===PASSIVE ACTIVE HYBRID LC FILTER ([[17840093. PASSIVE ACTIVE HYBRID LC FILTER simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17840093]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Xi Yao


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application is about a filtering technique in an electronic device's transceiver. It addresses the issue of excessive power consumption in active analog filters as signal bandwidth increases. The solution proposed is to use a passive ladder LC filter instead. However, some LC ladder filters have limited quality factor (Q) which can cause undesirable effects like voltage droop. To overcome this, certain components in the LC ladder filter are relocated to the feedback chain of an amplifier connected to the LC ladder filter. This new structure allows tuning of the components without causing additional voltage droop.

* Active analog filters in transceivers can consume excessive power as signal bandwidth increases.
* A passive ladder LC filter is proposed as an alternative to reduce power consumption.
* Some LC ladder filters have limited quality factor (Q) leading to undesirable effects like voltage droop.
* Components in the LC ladder filter can be relocated to the feedback chain of an amplifier to address voltage droop.
* This new structure allows tuning of the LC ladder filter without causing additional voltage droop.

==Potential Applications==
* Electronic devices with transceivers requiring filtering techniques.
* Communication systems where linearity and noise reduction are important.

==Problems Solved==
* Excessive power consumption in active analog filters.
* Limited quality factor (Q) causing voltage droop in LC ladder filters.

==Benefits==
* Reduced power consumption in transceivers.
* Improved linearity and noise reduction in transceivers.
* Tuning of LC ladder filters without voltage droop.

'''Abstract'''
 This disclosure is directed to filtering in a transceiver of an electronic device. In some instances, active analog filters may be deployed in the transceiver of the electronic device to achieve greater linearity and/or reduce noise in the transceiver. However, as signal bandwidth grows increasingly larger, an active analog filter may consume excessive power. To remedy the excessive power consumption, a passive ladder LC filter may be used. Some LC ladder filters may include a limited quality factor (Q), which may lead to undesirable effects in the transceiver (e.g., voltage droop). To address these undesirable effects, certain components in the LC ladder filter may be relocated from an input port to a feedback chain of an amplifier coupled to the LC ladder filter. The new structure may enable components in the LC ladder filter to be tuned without causing additional voltage droop across the LC ladder filter.

===Partial-Fractional Phase-locked Loop with Sigma Delta Modulator and Finite Impulse Response Filter ([[17835292. Partial-Fractional Phase-locked Loop with Sigma Delta Modulator and Finite Impulse Response Filter simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17835292]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Reetika K Agarwal


'''Brief explanation'''
 An electronic device is described that includes wireless circuitry with mixer circuitry. The mixer circuitry receives oscillator signals from a partial-fractional phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL includes a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, and a frequency divider connected in a loop. To enable the partial-fractional capability of the PLL, a bitstream is received by the frequency divider from a first order sigma delta modulator and a finite impulse response filter. The first order sigma delta modulator outputs a periodic non-randomized signal, and the finite impulse response filter increases the frequency of toggling of this signal. This configuration reduces phase noise in the partial-fractional PLL.

* The electronic device includes wireless circuitry with mixer circuitry.
* The mixer circuitry receives oscillator signals from a partial-fractional phase-locked loop (PLL).
* The PLL consists of a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, and a frequency divider connected in a loop.
* The frequency divider receives a bitstream from a first order sigma delta modulator and a finite impulse response filter.
* The first order sigma delta modulator outputs a periodic non-randomized signal.
* The finite impulse response filter increases the frequency of toggling of the periodic non-randomized signal.
* This configuration reduces phase noise in the partial-fractional PLL.

==Potential Applications==
This technology can be applied in various electronic devices that require wireless communication capabilities, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and IoT devices.

==Problems Solved==
The technology solves the problem of phase noise in partial-fractional phase-locked loops, which can affect the performance and reliability of wireless communication systems.

==Benefits==
* Reduced phase noise in the partial-fractional phase-locked loop.
* Improved performance and reliability of wireless communication systems.
* Enhanced signal quality and stability in electronic devices with wireless capabilities.

'''Abstract'''
 An electronic device may include wireless circuitry having mixer circuitry configured to receive oscillator signals from a partial-fractional phase-locked loop (PLL). The partial-fractional PLL may include a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, and a frequency divider connected in a loop. To implement the partial-fractional capability of the PLL, the frequency divider may receive a bitstream from a first order sigma delta modulator and a finite impulse response filter. The first order sigma delta modulator may output a periodic non-randomized output. The finite impulse response filter may increase the frequency of toggling of the periodic non-randomized output. Configured and operated in this way, the partial-fractional PLL can exhibit reduced phase noise.

===Partial-Fractional Phase-locked Loop with Sigma Delta Modulator and Finite Impulse Response Filter ([[18447221. Partial-Fractional Phase-locked Loop with Sigma Delta Modulator and Finite Impulse Response Filter simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18447221]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Reetika K. Agarwal


'''Brief explanation'''
 An electronic device is described that includes wireless circuitry with mixer circuitry. The mixer circuitry receives oscillator signals from a partial-fractional phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL includes a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, and a frequency divider connected in a loop. The frequency divider receives a bitstream from a first order sigma delta modulator and a finite impulse response filter to implement the partial-fractional capability of the PLL. The first order sigma delta modulator outputs a periodic non-randomized output, and the finite impulse response filter increases the frequency of toggling of the output. This configuration reduces phase noise in the PLL.

* Wireless device with mixer circuitry receives oscillator signals from a partial-fractional PLL.
* Partial-fractional PLL includes a phase frequency detector, charge pump, loop filter, and frequency divider.
* Frequency divider receives a bitstream from a first order sigma delta modulator and a finite impulse response filter.
* First order sigma delta modulator outputs a periodic non-randomized output.
* Finite impulse response filter increases the frequency of toggling of the output.
* Configuration reduces phase noise in the PLL.

==Potential Applications==
* Wireless communication devices
* Radio frequency (RF) systems
* Mobile devices
* Internet of Things (IoT) devices

==Problems Solved==
* Reduces phase noise in the PLL
* Improves the performance of wireless communication devices
* Enhances the quality of RF systems

==Benefits==
* Improved signal quality
* Enhanced wireless communication performance
* Reduced interference and noise in RF systems

'''Abstract'''
 An electronic device may include wireless circuitry having mixer circuitry configured to receive oscillator signals from a partial-fractional phase-locked loop (PLL). The partial-fractional PLL may include a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, and a frequency divider connected in a loop. To implement the partial-fractional capability of the PLL, the frequency divider may receive a bitstream from a first order sigma delta modulator and a finite impulse response filter. The first order sigma delta modulator may output a periodic non-randomized output. The finite impulse response filter may increase the frequency of toggling of the periodic non-randomized output. Configured and operated in this way, the partial-fractional PLL can exhibit reduced phase noise.

===Unlimited Bandwidth Shifting Systems and Methods of an All-Digital Phase Locked Loop ([[17746729. Unlimited Bandwidth Shifting Systems and Methods of an All-Digital Phase Locked Loop simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17746729]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Ali Parsa


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application is about systems and methods that improve the bandwidth shifting operations of an ADPLL (All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop) without losing lock and allowing unlimited changes in bandwidth. 

* The processor can transmit amplification parameters to the ADPLL to implement a bandwidth shift.
* The shift can be triggered by an enable signal, such as a gear trigger control signal or an enable signal generated for aligning with a clock signal.
* These systems and methods enable multiple bandwidth changing operations without increasing the complexity and footprint of the system.

== Potential Applications ==
* Communication systems
* Wireless networks
* Signal processing systems

== Problems Solved ==
* Loss of lock during bandwidth shifting operations
* Limited number of bandwidth changes
* Increased complexity and footprint of the system

== Benefits ==
* Improved bandwidth shifting operations
* Unlimited changes in bandwidth
* No loss of lock
* Reduced complexity and footprint of the system

'''Abstract'''
 This disclosure is directed towards systems and methods that improve bandwidth shifting operations of an ADPLL without losing a lock of the ADPLL and having the benefit of being able to change the bandwidth an unlimited amount of times. Indeed, a processor may transmit amplification parameters to the ADPLL to implement a bandwidth shift. The shift may occur in response to a enable signal, such as a gear trigger control signal (gear_retime signal) or a enable signal generated to cause alignment of the shifting with a clock signal (e.g., enable signal generated by AND logic gates). These systems and methods described herein many enable multiple bandwidth changing operations to occur without compromising the complexity and footprint of the system.

===DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER CLOCK TRACKING SYSTEMS AND METHODS ([[17840309. DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER CLOCK TRACKING SYSTEMS AND METHODS simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17840309]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Antonio Passamani


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes a technique for improving the efficiency of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) by using clock tracking to selectively activate latches at different levels of decoding. This helps maintain synchronization and reduces power consumption.

* The technique involves activating multiple unit cells of a DAC simultaneously to generate an analog signal based on a decoded digital signal.
* Latches are used at different levels of decoding and are activated by a clock signal to capture the partially decoded data signals and maintain synchronization.
* However, the use of latches can consume additional power during operation.
* To address this, clock tracking techniques such as static clock tracking, dynamic clock tracking, or differential clock tracking are used.
* These clock tracking techniques generate a clock path activation signal that gates the clock signal and determines which latches to ignore or leave inactive.
* By deactivating latches that do not provide useful updates to the decoded digital signal, power consumption is reduced.

== Potential Applications ==
* Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) used in various electronic devices such as audio systems, video displays, and communication systems.
* Any application that requires efficient conversion of digital signals to analog signals.

== Problems Solved ==
* Power consumption of latches in a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) during operation.
* Maintaining synchronization and improving the efficiency of DACs.

== Benefits ==
* Reduced power consumption in DACs by selectively activating latches based on clock tracking techniques.
* Improved synchronization and efficiency in the conversion of digital signals to analog signals.

'''Abstract'''
 A number of unit cells of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) may be simultaneously activated to generate an analog signal according to a decoded digital signal. Latches may be used at one or more levels of decoding and may be activated according to a clock signal to recapture the at least partially decoded data signals to maintain/improve the synchronicity of activation of the unit cells. However, the latches may consume additional power during operation. As such, clock tracking techniques such as static clock tracking, dynamic clock tracking, or differential clock tracking may be utilized to generate a clock path activation signal that gates the clock signal and determines which latches to ignore (e.g., leave inactive). In this manner, instead of activating each latch for every digital signal, clock tracking may be implemented to deactivate latches that do not provide useful updates to the decoded digital signal received at the unit cells.

===SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNAL TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES ([[18458323. SYNCHRONIZATION SIGNAL TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18458323]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Dae Won Lee


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a system and method for synchronizing communications between a User Equipment (UE) and Base Station (BS) using a synchronization signal structure.

* The synchronization signal structure consists of a sequence of Synchronization Signals (SS) that are repeated in a burst set.
* The burst set includes multiple synchronization signal bursts, each containing several synchronization signal blocks.
* Each synchronization signal block contains multiple Synchronization Signals (SS).

Potential Applications:

* This technology can be applied in wireless communication systems, particularly in the synchronization process between user devices and base stations.
* It can be used in various wireless communication standards, such as 5G, to ensure accurate and efficient synchronization.

Problems Solved:

* The patent addresses the challenge of synchronizing communications between user devices and base stations in wireless networks.
* It solves the problem of accurately detecting and interpreting synchronization signals in a complex wireless communication environment.

Benefits:

* The synchronization signal structure allows for improved accuracy and reliability in synchronizing user devices with base stations.
* By using a sequence of synchronization signals, the system can handle interference and multipath propagation more effectively.
* The method provides a more efficient and robust synchronization process, leading to enhanced overall performance of wireless communication systems.

'''Abstract'''
 Systems and methods for synchronizing communications between a User Equipment (UE) and Base Station (BS) using a synchronization signal structure. The synchronization signal structure can include a sequence of Synchronization Signals (SS) including repetitions of a synchronization signal burst set. The synchronization signal burst set can include a plurality of synchronization signal bursts. The synchronization signal bursts can include a plurality of synchronization signal blocks, wherein the synchronization signal blocks can include a plurality of Synchronization Signals (SS).

===ULTRA-WIDEBAND SESSION KEY SHARING SCHEME ([[17878483. ULTRA-WIDEBAND SESSION KEY SHARING SCHEME simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17878483]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Ryuji Ishiguro


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a shared session key generation scheme for establishing a secure session between two devices. Here is a simplified explanation of the abstract:

* The first device retrieves the public key of the second device.
* Using the public key of the second device and its own private key, the first device generates a session key.
* The first device establishes a secure session with the second device using the generated session key.
* The second device encrypts a message using a session key it has generated.
* The first device decrypts the message using the session key it generated.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Secure communication between devices: This scheme can be used to establish secure communication channels between devices, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the exchanged messages.
* Secure data transfer: The shared session key generation scheme can be applied in scenarios where sensitive data needs to be securely transferred between devices, such as in financial transactions or confidential document sharing.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Key exchange: The scheme provides a method for securely exchanging session keys between devices, eliminating the need for a separate key exchange protocol.
* Secure communication: By generating session keys based on public and private keys, the scheme ensures that the communication between devices is secure and protected against unauthorized access.

Benefits of this technology:

* Simplified key generation: The scheme simplifies the process of generating session keys by utilizing public and private keys, making it easier for devices to establish secure sessions.
* Efficient and secure communication: The shared session key generation scheme enables efficient and secure communication between devices, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the exchanged data.

'''Abstract'''
 Aspects of the disclosure include a shared session key generation scheme. A method for a shared session key generation scheme includes retrieving, by a first device, a public key of a second device. The first device can generate a first session key, based at least in part on the public key of the second device and a private key of the first device. The first device can establish a secure session with the second device based at least in part on generating the first session key. The first device can receive a message from the second device via the secure session, the message being encrypted by a second session key generated by the second computing device, the first session key being a duplicate of the second session key. The first device can decrypt the message using the first session key

===NETWORK ADDRESS COMPRESSION FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES ([[18227886. NETWORK ADDRESS COMPRESSION FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18227886]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Reza ABBASIAN


'''Brief explanation'''
 The subject technology offers a method to compress network identifiers without relying on external services like URL shortening.

* In-place encoding compresses network identifiers without mapping them to another server or service.
* Segmented encoding operations divide the network identifier and encode its characters using different encoding operations for different portions.
* Template encoding is available for network identifiers that follow a predefined template format.

== Potential Applications ==
This technology can be applied in various domains, including:

* Web services and applications that require efficient storage and transmission of network identifiers.
* Social media platforms to shorten and optimize URLs shared by users.
* Online advertising platforms to reduce the length of tracking links and improve performance.

== Problems Solved ==
The technology addresses the following challenges:

* Network identifiers can be lengthy, leading to inefficiency in storage and transmission.
* Existing solutions like URL shortening services require mapping the identifier to another server, introducing additional complexity and potential points of failure.
* Manual encoding or compression techniques may not be sufficient for large-scale applications.

== Benefits ==
The technology offers several advantages:

* Efficient compression of network identifiers without relying on external services.
* Improved storage and transmission efficiency, reducing resource requirements.
* Simplified implementation with segmented and template encoding options.
* Enhanced performance and user experience in applications that utilize network identifiers.

'''Abstract'''
 The subject technology provides an in-place encoding of a network identifier that compresses the network identifier without mapping the network identifier to a another server or service, such as URL shortening service. The network identifier may be compressed using segmented encoding operations that segment the network identifier, and encode the characters of the network identifier using a first set of encoding operations for a first portion of the network identifier and a second set of encoding operations for a second portion of the network identifier. Template encoding may also be provided for network identifiers that conform to a predefined template format.

===APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SESSION INITIATED PROTOCOL (SIP) REGISTRATION PROCEDURE FOR ACCESS NETWORK BITRATE RECOMMENDATION (ANBR) CAPABILITY SIGNALING ([[18237061. APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SESSION INITIATED PROTOCOL (SIP) REGISTRATION PROCEDURE FOR ACCESS NETWORK BITRATE RECOMMENDATION (ANBR) CAPABILITY SIGNALING simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18237061]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Ozgur OYMAN


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract of this patent application describes a method for signaling support for ANBR (Access Network Based Routing) during SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) registration. ANBR is a functionality that allows routing of SIP sessions based on the access network used by the user equipment (UE). The abstract mentions that the UE and the P-CSCF (Proxy-Call Session Control Function) exchange information about their support for ANBR using the "ANBR" attribute in the SDP (Session Description Protocol).

* The UE indicates its support for ANBR in the REGISTER requests by including the "ANBR" attribute in the SDP.
* The P-CSCF responds to the registration by indicating its support for the "ANBR" attribute in the SDP.
* If the P-CSCF recognizes that the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) supports ANBR, it passes through the "ANBR" attribute in the SDP.
* The UE can include the "ANBR" attribute in the SDP offer and answers when the P-CSCF indicates its support for the "ANBR" attribute in the SDP.

==Potential Applications==
* This technology can be applied in telecommunications networks that use SIP for session initiation to enable ANBR functionality.
* It can be used in networks where routing of SIP sessions based on the access network is desired.

==Problems Solved==
* The technology solves the problem of signaling support for ANBR during SIP registration, allowing for efficient routing of SIP sessions based on the access network used by the UE.
* It provides a standardized method for the UE and P-CSCF to exchange information about their support for ANBR.

==Benefits==
* The technology enables more efficient routing of SIP sessions, improving the overall performance and quality of service in telecommunications networks.
* It simplifies the process of signaling support for ANBR, making it easier to implement and manage in network infrastructure.

'''Abstract'''
 In some embodiments, during the SIP registration, the UE indicates in the REGISTER requests its support for ANBR as defined by “ANBR” attribute in the SDP and the P-CSCF indicates its support for the “ANBR” attribute in the SDP in the response for registration. In some embodiments, the P-CSCF serving a PLMN passes through the “ANBR” attribute in the SDP when the P-CSCF recognizes that the PLMN supports ANBR functionality. In some embodiments, the UE can include “ANBR” attribute in the SDP offer and answers when the P-CSCF indicates its support for the “ANBR” attribute in the SDP.

===IMAGE DISPLAY WITHIN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ENVIRONMENT ([[18238750. IMAGE DISPLAY WITHIN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ENVIRONMENT simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18238750]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Alexandre Da Veiga


'''Brief explanation'''
 ==Abstract==
Various implementations disclosed herein include devices, systems, and methods that provide a view of a three-dimensional (3D) environment that includes a projection of a 3D image, such as a multi-directional stereo image or video content. 

* Obtaining a 3D image consisting of a stereoscopic image pair with left eye content and right eye content.
* Generating a projection of the 3D image within a 3D environment by projecting portions of the image to form a shape based on the angle of view.
* The 3D environment includes additional content separate from the 3D image.
* Providing a view of the 3D environment including the projection of the 3D image.

==Potential Applications==
* Virtual reality (VR) gaming and entertainment experiences.
* Immersive training simulations for various industries.
* Architectural and interior design visualization.
* Medical imaging and surgical planning.
* Augmented reality (AR) applications for enhanced user experiences.

==Problems Solved==
* Provides a more realistic and immersive view of 3D content within a 3D environment.
* Allows for multi-directional viewing of stereoscopic images or videos.
* Integrates additional content within the 3D environment for enhanced user experiences.

==Benefits==
* Enhanced user immersion and engagement in virtual environments.
* Improved visualization and understanding of complex 3D data.
* Increased flexibility in viewing and interacting with 3D content.
* Potential for more realistic and effective training simulations.
* Expanded possibilities for creative expression and storytelling in VR and AR.

'''Abstract'''
 Various implementations disclosed herein include devices, systems, and methods that provides a view of a three-dimensional (3D) environment that includes a projection of a 3D image, such as a multi-directional stereo image or video content. For example, an example process may include obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) image including a stereoscopic image pair including left eye content corresponding to a left eye viewpoint and right eye content corresponding to a right eye viewpoint, generating a projection of the 3D image within a 3D environment by projecting portions of the 3D image to form a shape within the 3D environment, the shape based on an angle of view of the 3D image, where the 3D environment includes additional content separate from the 3D image, and providing a view of the 3D environment including the projection of the 3D image.

===CHROMA QUANTIZATION IN VIDEO CODING ([[18239644. CHROMA QUANTIZATION IN VIDEO CODING simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18239644]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Alexandros Tourapis


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a method for signaling additional chroma QP offset values that are specific to quantization groups in video coding.
* Each quantization group can explicitly specify its own set of chroma QP offset values.
* Alternatively, a table of possible sets of chroma QP offset values can be specified in the picture header, and each quantization group can use an index to select an entry from the table for determining its own set of chroma QP offset values.
* These quantization group specific chroma QP offset values are used to determine the chroma QP values for blocks within the quantization group, in addition to the chroma QP offset values already specified for higher levels of the video coding hierarchy.

==Potential Applications==
* Video coding and compression algorithms
* Video streaming services
* Video editing and post-production tools

==Problems Solved==
* Efficient encoding and compression of video data
* Improved video quality and visual experience
* Flexibility in adjusting chroma QP values for different quantization groups

==Benefits==
* Enhanced video coding efficiency
* Improved video quality and visual experience
* Increased flexibility in adjusting chroma QP values for different parts of a video

'''Abstract'''
 A method of signaling additional chroma QP offset values that are specific to quantization groups is provided, in which each quantization group explicitly specifies its own set of chroma QP offset values. Alternatively, a table of possible sets of chroma QP offset values is specified in the header area of the picture, and each quantization group uses an index to select an entry from the table for determining its own set of chroma QP offset values. The quantization group specific chroma QP offset values are then used to determine the chroma QP values for blocks within the quantization group in addition to chroma QP offset values already specified for higher levels of the video coding hierarchy.

===USER INTERFACES FOR MANAGING CONTROLLABLE EXTERNAL DEVICES ([[18235291. USER INTERFACES FOR MANAGING CONTROLLABLE EXTERNAL DEVICES simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18235291]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Taylor G. CARRIGAN


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract of the patent application describes a process for configuring an electronic device to control an external device. The process involves receiving information about the external device and determining if it has multiple controllable functions associated with different subcomponents.

* The process configures an electronic device to control a first external device.
* Information about the first external device is received.
* The process determines if the first external device has multiple controllable functions.
* These controllable functions are associated with different subcomponents of the first external device.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Home automation systems: The process can be used to configure electronic devices to control various appliances and devices in a smart home setup.
* Entertainment systems: The process can be applied to configure electronic devices to control different components of an entertainment system, such as a TV, sound system, and gaming console.
* Industrial automation: The technology can be utilized to configure electronic devices to control various machinery and equipment in industrial settings.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Simplifies device configuration: The process streamlines the configuration of electronic devices to control external devices with multiple controllable functions, reducing the complexity for users.
* Efficient control of subcomponents: By identifying and associating controllable functions with specific subcomponents, the process enables more precise and efficient control over different aspects of the external device.

Benefits of this technology:

* Enhanced user experience: The simplified configuration process makes it easier for users to set up and control their electronic devices, improving overall user satisfaction.
* Increased control capabilities: By identifying and associating controllable functions with subcomponents, users gain more control over specific features and functionalities of the external device.
* Improved automation possibilities: The technology enables seamless integration of electronic devices into automation systems, allowing for more advanced and sophisticated automation scenarios.

'''Abstract'''
 The present disclosure relates to a process for configuring an electronic device to control a first controllable external device. The process includes receiving information corresponding to the first controllable external device, and determining, based on the received information, whether the first controllable external device is associated with a plurality of controllable functions associated with a plurality of subcomponents of the first controllable external device.

===DETERMINING A SIGNIFICANT USER LOCATION FOR PROVIDING LOCATION-BASED SERVICES ([[18336800. DETERMINING A SIGNIFICANT USER LOCATION FOR PROVIDING LOCATION-BASED SERVICES simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18336800]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Michael P. Dal Santo


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a system, methods, and program products for providing services to a user based on their daily routine of movement using a mobile device.

* The mobile device determines significant locations for the user based on hints indicating their interest in certain locations.
* Adaptive clustering is used to determine the size of the significant location area based on the convergence of multiple locations.
* Location-based services are provided for calendar items, including predicting the time of arrival at an estimated location.
* Various services related to the mobile device's location or the user's significant location can be accessed through an application programming interface (API).

==Potential Applications==
* Personalized location-based services for users based on their daily routine.
* Improved calendar management with accurate time of arrival predictions.
* Enhanced user experience through location-specific services and recommendations.

==Problems Solved==
* Difficulty in providing personalized services based on a user's routine and interests.
* Inaccurate time of arrival predictions for calendar events.
* Limited access to location-based services and information.

==Benefits==
* Personalized and tailored services based on a user's routine and interests.
* Improved time management and planning with accurate time of arrival predictions.
* Access to a wide range of location-based services and information through an API.

'''Abstract'''
 Systems, methods, and program products for providing services to a user by a mobile device based on the user's daily routine of movement. The mobile device determines whether a location cluster indicates a significant location for the user based on one or more hints that indicate an interest of the user in locations in the cluster. The mobile device can perform adaptive clustering to determine a size of area of the significant location based on how multiple locations converge in the location cluster. The mobile device can provide location-based services for calendar items, including predicting a time of arrival at an estimated location of a calendar item. The mobile device can provide various services related to a location of the mobile device or a significant location of the user through an application programming interface (API).

===ULTRA-WIDEBAND SESSION KEY SHARING SCHEME ([[17878478. ULTRA-WIDEBAND SESSION KEY SHARING SCHEME simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17878478]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Ryuji Ishiguro


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes a shared session key generation scheme for establishing a secure session between two devices. 

* The first device retrieves the public key of the second device.
* Using the public key of the second device and its own private key, the first device generates a session key.
* The first device establishes a secure session with the second device using the generated session key.
* The second device encrypts a message using a session key it generated.
* The first device decrypts the message using the session key it generated, which is a duplicate of the second device's session key.

==Potential Applications==
* Secure communication between devices
* Secure data transfer
* Secure remote access

==Problems Solved==
* Ensures secure communication between devices
* Prevents unauthorized access to transmitted data
* Protects against message interception and decryption

==Benefits==
* Simplifies the process of generating and sharing session keys
* Provides a secure method for establishing a session between devices
* Enables encrypted communication and data transfer

'''Abstract'''
 Aspects of the disclosure include a shared session key generation scheme. A method for a shared session key generation scheme includes retrieving, by a first device, a public key of a second device. The first device can generate a first session key, based at least in part on the public key of the second device and a private key of the first device. The first device can establish a secure session with the second device based at least in part on generating the first session key. The first device can receive a message from the second device via the secure session, the message being encrypted by a second session key generated by the second device, the first session key being a duplicate of the second session key. The first device can decrypt the message using the first session key.

===SECURE eSIM SUBSCRIPTION TRANSFER ([[18317323. SECURE eSIM SUBSCRIPTION TRANSFER simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18317323]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Hyewon LEE


'''Brief explanation'''
 The described embodiments of this patent application propose techniques for securely transferring a cellular wireless service subscription from one device to another. This is done through communication with servers of a mobile network operator (MNO) and involves encrypting an activation code used for the transfer.

* The MNO provisioning server encrypts the activation code using a session key generated from a one-time-use eUICC public key and a one-time-use server private key.
* The encrypted activation code is protected from malicious third parties as only the eUICC of the source device can decrypt it by generating an identical session key.
* The eUICC of the source device deletes the eSIM profile before providing the activation code to the target device, preventing eSIM profile cloning.

== Potential Applications ==
* Secure transfer of cellular wireless service subscriptions between devices.
* Protection against unauthorized access and cloning of eSIM profiles.

== Problems Solved ==
* Ensures the secure transfer of cellular wireless service subscriptions without the risk of interception or cloning.
* Prevents unauthorized access to eSIM profiles and protects user data.

== Benefits ==
* Enhanced security for transferring cellular wireless service subscriptions.
* Protection against eSIM profile cloning and unauthorized access to user data.
* Simplified and efficient process for transferring subscriptions between devices.

'''Abstract'''
 The described embodiments set forth techniques for securely transferring a cellular wireless service subscription associated with an electronic subscriber identity module (eSIM) profile from a source wireless device to a target wireless device via communication with servers of a mobile network operator (MNO). An MNO provisioning server encrypts an activation code, used for transfer of the cellular wireless service subscription, with a session key generated based on a one-time-use eUICC public key and a one-time-use server private key. The encrypted activation code is protected from malicious third parties, as only the eUICC of the source wireless device can perform the decryption required by generating an identical session key to recover the activation code. The eUICC of the source wireless device deletes the eSIM profile from the eUICC before providing the activation code to the target wireless device to protect against eSIM profile cloning.

===FLOW CONTROL FOR UPLINK TRAFFIC IN AN INTEGRATED ACCESS AND BACKHAUL NETWORK ([[18456833. FLOW CONTROL FOR UPLINK TRAFFIC IN AN INTEGRATED ACCESS AND BACKHAUL NETWORK simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18456833]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Murali Narasimha


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a system and method for managing uplink traffic in an integrated access and backhaul network. Here is a simplified explanation of the abstract:

* A first relay node in the network detects that its uplink buffer is almost full.
* The first relay node sends a message to a second relay node associated with it, informing about the buffer occupancy status.
* This communication helps in controlling the flow of uplink traffic in the network.

Potential applications of this technology:

* Integrated access and backhaul networks: The invention can be applied in networks where access and backhaul functions are combined, such as in wireless communication systems.
* Relay nodes: The technology can be used in relay nodes that assist in transmitting data between user devices and the core network.

Problems solved by this technology:

* Buffer congestion: The invention addresses the issue of buffer occupancy reaching high levels, which can lead to congestion and degradation of network performance.
* Flow control: By notifying the second relay node about buffer status, the system can regulate the flow of uplink traffic and prevent overload.

Benefits of this technology:

* Improved network performance: By managing buffer occupancy, the invention helps maintain optimal traffic flow and reduces congestion, leading to better overall network performance.
* Enhanced user experience: By preventing buffer congestion, the technology ensures that users experience reliable and consistent connectivity without interruptions.

'''Abstract'''
 Systems and methods provide flow control for uplink traffic in an integrated access and backhaul network. A first relay node determines that its uplink buffer has reached an occupancy level higher than a pre-determined level. In response, the first relay node transmits, to a second relay node associated with the first relay node, a message indicating a buffer occupancy status of the uplink buffer of the first relay node.

===CELL SEARCH BASED ON USER EQUIPMENT (UE) BATTERY CONDITION ([[17806391. CELL SEARCH BASED ON USER EQUIPMENT (UE) BATTERY CONDITION simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|17806391]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Ehsan Ahmed Quadri SYED


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application is about apparatuses and methods for implementing cell search based on battery conditions of a user equipment (UE). The UE includes a transceiver for wireless communication with a base station and a processor for performing a cell search cycle when the connection with the base station is lost. If the UE is in a no-service or limited-service mode after the cell search cycle, the processor configures a sleep timer value based on the battery's charge level or capacity level. After the sleep timer value, the processor performs a second cell search cycle.

* The patent application is about implementing cell search based on battery conditions of a UE.
* The UE has a transceiver for wireless communication with a base station.
* The processor in the UE performs a cell search cycle when the connection with the base station is lost.
* If the UE is in a no-service or limited-service mode after the cell search cycle, the processor configures a sleep timer value based on the battery's charge level or capacity level.
* After the sleep timer value, the processor performs a second cell search cycle.

== Potential Applications ==
* Mobile devices with improved battery management during cell search cycles.
* Enhanced connectivity and network performance for user equipment in areas with limited service.

== Problems Solved ==
* Efficient battery usage during cell search cycles.
* Improved connectivity and network performance in areas with limited service.

== Benefits ==
* Extended battery life for user equipment.
* Enhanced user experience with improved connectivity and network performance.

'''Abstract'''
 Some aspects of this disclosure relate to apparatuses and methods for implementing cell search based on battery conditions of a user equipment (UE). For example, some aspects of this disclosure relate to a UE. The UE includes a transceiver configured to enable wireless communication with a base station and a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver. The processor is configured to perform a cell search cycle in response to a determination that a connection with the base station has been lost. In response to a determination that UE is in a no-service mode or in a limited-service mode after the cell search cycle, the processor further configures a sleep timer value based at least on one of a charge level of a battery of the UE or a capacity level of the battery. The processor further performs a second cell search cycle after the configured sleep timer value.

===Data Analytics for Multi-access Edge Computation ([[18366514. Data Analytics for Multi-access Edge Computation simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18366514]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Rohit R. Matolia


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes computer systems and methods for operating a network data and analytics function (NWDAF) in a cellular core network. The NWDAF receives information about the mobility of user equipment (UE) from one network function and information about edge application servers (EAS) from another network function. It then uses this information to derive data analytics. The NWDAF can receive a request for these data analytics from a third network function and provide them accordingly.

* The NWDAF receives UE mobility information from one network function and EAS information from another network function.
* It uses this information to derive data analytics.
* The NWDAF can provide these data analytics to a third network function upon request.

== Potential Applications ==
This technology can have various potential applications, including:

* Network optimization: The derived data analytics can be used to optimize the performance and efficiency of the cellular network system.
* Resource allocation: The data analytics can help in allocating network resources more effectively based on UE mobility and EAS information.
* Quality of service improvement: By analyzing UE mobility and EAS information, the NWDAF can provide insights to improve the quality of service for users.

== Problems Solved ==
This technology solves several problems in the cellular network system, such as:

* Lack of efficient data analytics: By deriving data analytics based on UE mobility and EAS information, the NWDAF addresses the need for efficient analysis and utilization of network data.
* Inefficient resource allocation: The NWDAF helps in optimizing resource allocation by providing insights into UE mobility patterns and EAS information.
* Limited network optimization: The derived data analytics can assist in identifying areas for network optimization and improving overall network performance.

== Benefits ==
The benefits of this technology include:

* Enhanced network performance: By utilizing data analytics derived from UE mobility and EAS information, the cellular network system can improve its overall performance and efficiency.
* Improved user experience: The insights provided by the NWDAF can help in enhancing the quality of service for users, leading to a better user experience.
* Efficient resource utilization: The data analytics derived by the NWDAF enable more effective allocation of network resources, resulting in optimized resource utilization.

'''Abstract'''
 Computer systems and methods are described for operating a network data and analytics function (NWDAF) in a cellular core network. The NWDAF receives user equipment (UE) mobility information from a first network function of the cellular network system and receives edge application server (EAS) information from a second network function of the cellular network system. The NWDAF derives data analytics based at least in part on the UE mobility information and the edge application server information. The NWDAF receives a request for the data analytics from a third network function in the cellular network system, and provides the data analytics to the third network function.

===Sidelink Control Information Processing ([[18455448. Sidelink Control Information Processing simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18455448]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Chunxuan Ye


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a wireless device that can perform sidelink cellular communications using a two-stage sidelink control information (SCI) protocol. The device uses a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) for Stage 1 SCI messaging and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for Stage 2 SCI messaging. Polar codes are used to encode the SCI messaging, and channel interleaving is used to interleave the SCI between multiple layers of a MIMO transmission system. Scrambling for Stage 2 SCI messaging is based on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) performed on Stage 1 SCI messaging, and collisions between sidelink HARQ feedback and other transmissions are avoided through a priority analysis.

* Wireless device for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications
* Performs sidelink cellular communications using a two-stage SCI protocol
* Stage 1 SCI messaging carried on a PSCCH and Stage 2 SCI messaging carried on a PSSCH
* SCI messaging encoded using polar codes
* Channel interleaving used to interleave SCI between MIMO transmission system layers
* Scrambling for Stage 2 SCI messaging based on CRC result of Stage 1 SCI messaging
* Avoids collisions between sidelink HARQ feedback and other transmissions through priority analysis

==Potential Applications==
* V2X communications in vehicles for improved safety and efficiency
* Communication between vehicles and infrastructure for traffic management
* Vehicle-to-vehicle communication for cooperative driving and collision avoidance

==Problems Solved==
* Efficient and reliable sidelink cellular communications for V2X devices
* Avoiding collisions between sidelink HARQ feedback and other transmissions
* Interleaving and encoding techniques for improved SCI messaging

==Benefits==
* Improved safety and efficiency in V2X communications
* Enhanced traffic management and coordination between vehicles and infrastructure
* More reliable and efficient communication for cooperative driving and collision avoidance.

'''Abstract'''
 Embodiments are presented herein of apparatuses, systems, and methods for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) capable wireless device configured to perform sidelink cellular communications. The wireless device performs sidelink communications using a two-stage sidelink control information (SCI) protocol including Stage 1 SCI messaging carried on a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and Stage 2 SCI messaging carried on a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH). The SCI messaging may be encoded using polar codes. Channel interleaving is utilized on the SCI to interleave the SCI between two or more layers of a MIMO transmission system. Scrambling for Stage 2 SCI messaging is performed based on the result of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) performed on Stage 1 SCI messaging. Collisions between sidelink HARQ feedback to be transmitted to a base station and other transmissions are avoided based on a priority analysis of the sidelink HARQ feedback.

===Intelligent Transmission Port Selection and Power Utilization for a Cellular Device ([[18455044. Intelligent Transmission Port Selection and Power Utilization for a Cellular Device simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18455044]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Sriram SUBRAMANIAN


'''Brief explanation'''
 The patent application describes a user equipment (UE) that can establish network connections for LTE and NR radio access technologies in non-standalone E-UTRA-NR dual connectivity operation. The UE includes a multi-antenna array for data and signaling transmissions and receptions over the LTE and NR connections. The UE determines the most efficient antenna for the operating frequency band of the LTE and NR connections based on performance factors. It evaluates factors to determine whether the LTE or NR radio access technology should use the most efficient antenna and transmits uplink data on the most efficient antenna via either the LTE or NR radio access technology based on the evaluated factors.

* User equipment (UE) can establish network connections for LTE and NR radio access technologies in non-standalone E-UTRA-NR dual connectivity operation.
* UE includes a multi-antenna array for data and signaling transmissions and receptions over LTE and NR connections.
* UE determines the most efficient antenna for the operating frequency band based on performance factors.
* UE evaluates factors to determine whether LTE or NR radio access technology should use the most efficient antenna.
* UE transmits uplink data on the most efficient antenna via LTE or NR radio access technology based on the evaluated factors.

==Potential Applications==
* Mobile devices with LTE and NR capabilities can benefit from improved network connections and performance.
* This technology can be used in various industries that rely on wireless communication, such as telecommunications, transportation, and IoT.

==Problems Solved==
* The technology solves the problem of inefficient antenna usage in LTE and NR connections.
* It addresses the challenge of determining the most efficient antenna for different operating frequency bands.
* The technology helps optimize network connections and improve overall performance for user equipment.

==Benefits==
* Improved network performance and reliability for LTE and NR connections.
* Enhanced data and signaling transmissions and receptions over the multi-antenna array.
* Optimal antenna selection based on performance factors leads to better user experience and efficiency.

'''Abstract'''
 A user equipment (UE) is configured to establish network connections for long-term evolution (LTE) and new radio (NR) radio access technologies (RATs) in non-standalone (NSA) E-UTRA-NR dual connectivity (ENDC) operation. The UE includes a multi-antenna array for data and signaling transmissions and receptions over the LTE and NR connections. The UE determines a most efficient antenna of the multi-antenna array for an operating frequency band of the LTE and NR connections, wherein the most efficient antenna is determined based on at least one performance factor for the UE when using the antenna compared to other antennas of the multi-antenna array, evaluates one or more factors for determining whether the LTE RAT or the NR RAT is to use the most efficient antenna and transmits uplink data on the most efficient antenna via either the LTE RAT or the NR RAT based on the evaluated factors.

===Thermoelectric Cooling Modules ([[18084360. Thermoelectric Cooling Modules simplified abstract (APPLE INC.)|18084360]])===


'''Main Inventor'''

Miikka M. Kangas


'''Brief explanation'''
 The abstract describes thermoelectric cooling modules that consist of two substrates stacked vertically and connected by a thermoelectric connector. The connector transfers heat laterally to enhance heat transfer between the substrates.

* The thermoelectric cooling modules consist of two substrates stacked vertically.
* A thermoelectric connector is used to thermally connect the two substrates.
* The thermoelectric connector transfers heat laterally, improving heat transfer between the substrates.

== Potential Applications ==
* Cooling electronic devices such as computer chips or power modules.
* Cooling components in automotive systems, such as batteries or power electronics.
* Cooling medical equipment or laboratory instruments.

== Problems Solved ==
* Inefficient heat transfer between stacked substrates.
* Overheating of electronic components.
* Inadequate cooling of high-power systems.

== Benefits ==
* More efficient heat transfer between stacked substrates.
* Improved cooling performance for electronic devices.
* Enhanced reliability and longevity of components.
* Compact design for space-constrained applications.

'''Abstract'''
 Various embodiments disclosed herein describe thermoelectric cooling modules. The thermoelectric cooling modules may include a first substrate positioned over a second substrate in a vertical stacking direction, and may include a thermoelectric connector that thermally connects the first and second substrates. The thermoelectric connector may be configured to transfer heat laterally relative to the vertical stacking direction to provide more efficient heat transfer between the first substrate and the second substrate.